Bevel-rule.



PATENTED JUNE 20, 1905. H. W. YOUNG.

BEVEL RULE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 30,1904.

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PATENTED JUNE 20, 1905.

H. W.. YOUNG.

BBVEL RULE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 30,1904.

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UNITED STATES Patented. June 20, 1905. I

HERBERT WALTON YOUNG, OF COLUMBIA, CANADA.

BEVEL-RULE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 792,953, dated June 20, 1905.

Application filed April 30, 1904- Serial No. 205,651- 7 To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HERBERT WALTON YOUNG, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and a resident of Columbia, in the Province of British Columbia and Dominion of Canada, have invented a new and Improved Bevel-Rule, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to bevel-rules, and has for its principal object the provision of a convenient device of this class.

The invention consists in the various features and combinations hereinafter described and more particularly claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forminga part of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of one embodiment of my invention, parts being broken away. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 isa sectional detail on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail in side elevation of the hinge member. Fig. 4 is a view in side elevation of one side of the indicating member and adjacent portion of the blade. Fig. 5 is a similar view of the opposite side thereof. Fig. 6 is a side elevation of another form of my improved bevel-rule, parts being broken away; andFig. 7 is a top plan view thereof, parts being broken away.

10 designates a stock or rule proper, which is preferably formed of wood, boxwood being commonly used, and is faced at 11 upon its sides and edges with some such metal as brass. One end of this stock is shown as curved at 12, and in this end is formed alongitudinal slot 13, which may also be faced or lined with metal. Within this slot, but partially projecting therefrom, is secured a hinge member or circle 14:, which may be retained in place by screws 15 extending through the stock. A portion of this member outside the stock is preferably cut away at 16 to leave a semicircular opening, through which the line to which the rule is applied may be seen and the position of the latter accurately determined.

. Pivoted to the hinge member by a circular opening fitting its periphery is a blade 17, preferably formed from spring-steel, from one side of which projects ahalf-circle or seetor 18, here shown as integral with the blade and moving in the slot 13 to serve as an indicating member in the manner hereinafter described. This sector is shown as cutaway at 19 adjacent to the blade to furnish a sightopening. At the sector end of the blade is formed a projection 20, which when the two pivoted members of the rule are straightened into alinement contacts with the stock to determine its position.

In the opposite side of the stock from the blade is inserted a housing 21, which may be retained in placed by screws. In this housing is a recess 22, which opens through the end of the slot 13 and which contains a bowed spring 23, 'which may contact with the periphery of the sector. Through the housing is threaded a screw 23 contacting at its inner end with the spring and serving to force it into engagement withthe sector and to adjust the degree of its engagement. This permits the application of sufficient frictional resistance to the movement of the sector and blade to retain them in the position to which they are moved.

Along its sides the stock is provided with a linear scale A, having its zero situated at the axis of the pivot between the two rule members or at the center of the. hinge-circle. This Zero is also located at the edge of the opening 16, so

that the point at which it is to be set may be' seen. The blade is furnished with a similar scale B, both of these usually being graduated in inches and fractions thereof, and, if desired, the stock and blade may in addition carry the scales C, divided into centimeters. The bladesector has upon each side a series of concentric circular scales the axis or center of which coincides with the axis of the pivot between the members. These scales terminate at each end in the diameter or base line D of the sector and through them pass three main divisionlines E, F, and G, situated at ninety degrees, forty-five degrees, and one hundred and thirtyfive degrees, respectively, the scales being otherwise arranged as follows: The outer scale H is divided into altitudes, which when used inconnection with a base twelve inches in length will give an angle between the stock and blade equal to the angle between the base and hypotenuse of a triangle having such dimensions. The divisions reading from the line D will give the acute angles and those reading from E the corresponding obtuse angles. Each of these graduations is again divided to represent half-inches. This scale is placed at the outside of the sector, because these are the bevels most commonly used by mechanics. The scales I, J, K, L, and M are arranged similarly to H, except that they represent, respectively, bases of eleven inches, ten inches, nine inches, eight inches, and seven inches. Any other combination higher or lower than these can be obtained by multiplying or dividing the given numbers. The scales 0 and P are now graduated in spaces of ten degrees each and reading in opposite directions, this allowing the blade to be set directly to any angle, obtuse or acute. Outside these scales is a narrow scale P, which gives the single degrees. Upon the opposite side of the sector the outer scale H may be the same as H, previously described. The next scale Q is divided in the same manner as H and H; but in this instance seventeen, which is the hypotenuseof a base and altitude of twelve, is used as a base, this giving the bevel for cutting hip and valley rafters. The bevels are obtained by setting the blade to the figures representing the rise of the roofper foot of run, the acute angle being that secured by the setting between the line D and the lines F and G, while the obtuse or opposite angles are derived from the same figures on the opposite sides of the lines F and G. The scale R is for laying out polygons of from three to: twelve sides. The divisions on the side of the line F give the miter cuts for the angles of the respective figures. They will also furnish the lengths of the sides of the figures, these being obtained by placing the stock on the diameter of the circle in which the polygon is to be inscribed with the axis of the indicating member at the center of the circle and setting the blade at a number on the scale corresponding to the number of sides required. The intersection of the blade with the circle Will determine the length of the side starting from the stock. By repeating this upon each successive radius thus obtained the entire polygon may be constructed. This scale also allows the width of the board or stock from which the polygon is to be cut or the length of the diameter of the circle in which it is to be inscribed to be found for any given length of side. To effect this, draw a line at right angles across the board or use instead a steel square, setting the blade to the figure representing the number of sides of the polygon in question. Then set the stock on the edge of the board, with the axis distant from the line the number of'inches required for the side length.. The intersection of the blade with the transverse line will give the required width of board. Then where the length of the side of the figure is required cause the blade to intersect the transverse line at the ascertained width of the board or length of the diameter, and the length of the side may be read from the stock. The section of the scale R on the opposite side of the line E may be used to obtain the respective sides of polygons which are to be tangent to a given circle. The general method of procedure is similar to that just described. This scale will also give the miter cuts for the respective angles Where it is more convenient to rule from the line outside said angle. The irregular or non-concentric scale T may be used to determine the angles between the sides of the polygons. In this case the blade is set at the required number of sides, the stock is placed along the line forming one of the sides, and the position of the blade then gives the position of the succeeding side, the length of which may be taken from the scale upon the blade. This may be repeateduntil the figure is complete. The scale U, which lies between the line D and the line F, permits the determination of the bevels for the upper ends of hip or valley rafters for roof structures Where they are to join the ridge, this being commonly called the backing of said rafters. In setting the bevel the same number is taken as is used with the base of twelve for cutting of the common rafters, this being the rise of the roof to each foot of run. It should be .noted that in all cuts for roofs the same numbering is used throughout. For example, if the pitch of the roof is, say, ten and twelve, then- 10 is used on the scales H or H for cutting common rafters, on Q for bevel cuts in hip and valley rafters, and on U for the backing for hip and valley rafters. The scalesV and W between the lines E and G and the scale X between E and F allow the determination of the bevels employed in hopper structures and are based upon the number of inches of flare per foot of depth. Theseare numbered in the same manner throughout, so that from a single number the cuts for a hopper of any given flare may be at once determined. For example, if this is to be six inches per foot of depth the blade is set at the division 6 upon the scale X and a mark made thereby across the face of the board. It is then set at 6 upon the scale W orVto get the butt joint or miter, as required, and this marked across the edge of the board while it is still square. Then to get the bevel cut for the top and bottom edges the same setting is made upon either of the scales H or H and the end of the board marked While square. If this rule is to be used for the metric system the indicating member in accordance with.

these.

It will be seen that not only can my invention be applied to the uses outlined above, but

that there are many other measurements and determinations necessary for mechanics to make which may be readily and conveniently secured without special computation.

A form of my invention is illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7, which is more particularly adapted for the use of draftsmen and engineers. Here both the stock 26 and the blade 27 are made of some suitable metal, commonly of steel, and are of equal thickness. The means for hinging them together and the arrangement of scales may be substantially similar to that hereinbefore described; but the projection may be dispensed with, and the contact between the adjacent ends of the stock and blade serve to retain them in alinement. The recess for containing the retaining-spring is here shown as formed at 28 directly in the stock, and the adjusting-screw 29 is threaded therethrough, having its head projecting into a recess in the stock, this recess being open at both sides, permitting the head to be readily engaged and the screw turned.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent" 1. A bevel-rule comprising astock, a hinge member fixed to the stock and being provided with an opening, and a blade movable about the hinge member and having a sector in scribed with a plurality of angular scales, the stock and blade each havinga linear scale and the axis of the blade, the center of the angular scales and a division of each of the linear scales meeting at the edge of the hinge-open- 2. The combination with a stock, having a slot of a circular hinge member securedin said slot and projecting therefrom, and a blade extending into the slot and provided with a circular opening to receive the hinge member.

3. The combination with a stock provided with a scale, of a circular hinge member provided with an opening, one side of which coincides with the edge of the stock and a blade provided with a circular opening to receive the hinge member.

4. The combination with a stock provided with a hinge member having an opening, of a blade pivoted to the stock upon the hinge member and about the opening, each of said pivoted members being provided with a scale, and these scales intersecting at the axis of the pivot, and an indicating-sector carried by the blade and having a circular scale the axis of which coincides with the axis of the pivot.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HERBERT WALTON YOUNG.

Witnesses:

' H. M. GENIN,

GILBERT TRoMBLEY. 

